Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 8, Issue 4 , Pages 253-261 , December 2007

Emergency Department Based Sedation Services

  • Jay Pershad, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Services, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, Memphis, TN
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence: Jay Pershad, MD, Division of Emergency Services, Le Bonheur Children's Medical Center, 50 N Dunlap St., Memphis, TN 38103
    • ,
  • Susanne Kost, MD

      Affiliations

    • Division of Emergency Services, A.I.Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE

References 

  1. Krauss B, Green SB. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet. 2006;367:766–780
  2. Babl F, Priestly S, Kreiser D, et al. Development and implementation of an education and credentialing programme to provide safe paediatric procedural sedation in emergency departments. Emerg Med Australas. 2006;18:489–497
  3. Godambe SA, Elliot V, Matheny D, et al. Comparison of propofol/fentanyl versus ketamine/midazolam for brief orthopedic procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. 2003;112(1 Pt. 1):116–123
  4. Green SM, Krauss B. Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44:460–471
  5. Guenther E, Pribble CG, Junkins EP, et al. Propofol sedation by emergency physicians for elective pediatric outpatient procedures. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:783–791
  6. Kienstra AJ, Ward MA, Sasan F, et al. Etomidate versus pentobarbital for sedation of children for head and neck CT imaging. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2004;20:499–506
  7. Pershad J, Gilmore B. Successful implementation of a radiology sedation service staffed exclusively by pediatric emergency physicians. Pediatrics. 2006;117:e413–e422
  8. Pershad J, Todd K, Waters T. Cost-effectiveness analysis of sedation and analgesia regimens during fracture manipulation in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006;22:729–736
  9. Pershad J, Anghelescu D. Comparison of propofol to pentobarbital-midazolam-fentanyl sedation regimens during for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in children: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e629–e636
  10. Roback MG, Wathen JE, Bajaj L, et al. Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:508–513
  11. Roback MG, Wathen JE, Mackenzie T, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of IV versus IM ketamine for sedation of pediatric patients receiving emergency department orthopedic procedures. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48:605–612
  12. King WK, DeGuzman MA, Simon HK, et al. Evaluation of a pediatric sedation service for common diagnostic procedures. In: Presented at the Pediatric Academic Society Meeting, Washington, DC. 2005;
  13. Cravero JP, Blike GT, Beach M, et al. Incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation/anesthesia for procedures outside the operating room: report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Pediatrics. 2006;118:1087–1096
  14. Dalal PG, Murray D, Cox T, et al. Sedation and anesthesia protocols used for magnetic resonance imaging studies in infants: provider and pharmacologic considerations. Anesth Analg. 2006;103:863–868
  15. King WK, Stockwell JA, Deguzman MA, et al. Evaluation of a pediatric-sedation service for common diagnostic procedures. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:673–676
  16. Lalwani K, Michel M. Pediatric sedation in North American children's hospitals: a survey of anesthesia providers. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15:209–213
  17. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations . Comprehensive accreditation manual for hospitals, the official handbook. Oakbrook Terrace (Ill): JCAHO Publication; 2005;
  18. ASA Task Force on Preanesthesia Evaluation. Practice advisory for preanesthesia evaluation: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preanesthesia Evaluation. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:485–496
  19. Mallampati SR, Gatt SP, Gugino LD, et al. A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation: a prospective study. Can Anaesth Soc J. 1985;32:429–434
  20. Cote CJ, Wilson S. American Academy of Pediatrics Workgroup on Sedation. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update. Pediatrics. 2006;118:2587–2602
  21. Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Tait R, et al. Depth of sedation in children undergoing computed tomography: validity and reliability of the University of Michigan Sedation Scale (UMSS). Br J Anaesth. 2002;88:241–245
  22. De Jonghe B, Cook D, Appere-de-Vecchi C, et al. Using and understanding sedation scoring systems: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26:275–285
  23. Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Ludomirsky A, et al. Can we improve the assessment of discharge readiness? A comparative study of observational and objective measures of depth of sedation in children. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:218–224
  24. In: National Correct Coding Policy Manual. Anesthesia Services. Vol. I.I. Chapter, Version 10.3.. 2005;p. 10;Available at: www.cms.hhs.gov/physicians/cciedits

PII: S1522-8401(07)00058-4

doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2007.08.005

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 8, Issue 4 , Pages 253-261 , December 2007

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