Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 213-220 , December 2008

The Febrile Infant: What's New?

  • M. Douglas Baker, MD, FAAP

      Affiliations

    • University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence: M. Douglas Baker, MD, Children's Medical Center, 1935 Medical District Drive, Dallas, TX 75235.
    • ,
  • Jeffrey R. Avner, MD, FAAP

      Affiliations

    • Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY

References 

  1. Avner JR, Baker MD. Management of fever in infants and children. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2002;20:49–67
  2. Baker MD, Bell LM, Avner JR. Outpatient management without antibiotics of fever in selected infants. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1437–1441
  3. Baskin MN, O'Rourke EJ, Fleisher GR. Outpatient treatment of febrile infants 28 to 89 days of age with intramuscular administration of ceftriaxone. J Pediatr. 1992;120:22–27
  4. Jaskiewicz JA, McCarthy CA, Richardson AC, et al. Febrile infants at low risk for serious bacterial infection—an appraisal of the Rochester criteria and implications for management. Febrile Infant Collaborative Study Group. Pediatrics. 1994;94:390–396
  5. Pantell RH, Newman TB, Bernzweig J, et al. Management and outcomes of care of fever in early infancy. JAMA. 2004;291:1203–1212
  6. Baker MD, Avner JR, Bell LM. Failure of infant observation scales in detecting serious illness in febrile, 4- to 8-week-old infants. Pediatrics. 1990;85:1040–1043
  7. Baraff LJ, Bass JW, Fleisher GR, et al. Practice guideline for the management of infants and children 0 to 36 months of age with fever without source. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1198–1210
  8. Baraff LJ, Schriger DL, Bass JW, et al. Management of the young febrile child. Commentary on practice guidelines. Pediatrics. 1997;100:134–136
  9. Jones RG, Bass JW. Febrile children with no focus of infection: a survey of their management by primary care physicians. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993;12:179–183
  10. Wittler RR, Cain KK, Bass JW. A survey about management of febrile children without source by primary care physicians. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1998;17:271–277[discussion 7-9]
  11. Baker MD, Bell LM, Avner JR. The efficacy of routine outpatient management without antibiotics of fever in selected infants. Pediatrics. 1999;103:627–631
  12. King JC, Berman ED, Wright PF. Evaluation of fever in infants less than 8 weeks old. South Med J. 1987;80:948–952
  13. Philip AG, Hewitt JR. Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Pediatrics. 1980;65:1036–1041
  14. Green J, Hara C, O'Conner S, et al. Management of febrile outpatient neonates. Clin Pediatr. 1981;20:375–380
  15. Roberts KB. Young, febrile infants: a 30-year odyssey ends where it started. JAMA. 2004;291:1261–1262
  16. Caspe WB, Chamudes O, Louie B. The evaluation and treatment of the febrile infant. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1983;2:131–135
  17. Roberts KB, Borzy MS. Fever in the first eight weeks of life. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1977;141:9–13
  18. Baker MD, Bell LM. Unpredictability of serious bacterial illness in febrile infants from birth to 1 month of age. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:508–511
  19. Pulliam PN, Attia MW, Cronan KM. C-reactive protein in febrile children 1 to 36 months of age with clinically undetectable serious bacterial infection. Pediatrics. 2001;108:1275–1279
  20. Kadish HA, Loveridge B, Tobey J, et al. Applying outpatient protocols in febrile infants 1-28 days of age: can the threshold be lowered. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2000;39:81–88
  21. Bonsu BK, Chb M, Harper MB. Identifying febrile young infants with bacteremia: is the peripheral white blood cell count an accurate screen. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:216–225
  22. Benito-Fernandez J, Vazquez-Ronco MA, Morteruel-Aizkuren E, et al. Impact of rapid viral testing for influenza A and B viruses on management of febrile infants without signs of focal infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:1153–1157
  23. Iyer SB, Gerber MA, Pomerantz WJ, et al. Effect of point-of-care influenza testing on management of febrile children. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13:1259–1268
  24. Smitherman HF, Caviness AC, Macias CG. Retrospective review of serious bacterial infections in infants who are 0 to 36 months of age and have influenza A infection. Pediatrics. 2005;115:710–718
  25. Melendez E, Harper MB. Utility of sepsis evaluation in infants 90 days of age or younger with fever and clinical bronchiolitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:1053–1056
  26. Purcell K, Fergie J. Concurrent serious bacterial infections in 912 infants and children hospitalized for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:267–269
  27. Titus MO, Wright SW. Prevalence of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics. 2003;112:282–284
  28. Levine DA, Platt SL, Dayan PS, et al. Risk of serious bacterial infection in young febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections. Pediatrics. 2004;113:1728–1734
  29. Kimberlin DW. Neonatal herpes simplex infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004;17:1–13
  30. Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Jacobs RF, et al. Natural history of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in the acyclovir era. Pediatrics. 2001;108:223–229

PII: S1522-8401(08)00069-4

doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2008.09.005

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 213-220 , December 2008

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