Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 233-237 , December 2008

Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection

  • Viday A. Heffner, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence: Viday A. Heffner, MD, Department of Pediatrics (Emergency Medicine), Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Research Institute, Children's Corporate Center Suite 550, PO Box 1997, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1997.
    • ,
  • Marc H. Gorelick, MD, MSCE

References 

  1. Freedman AL, Urologic Diseases in America Project . Urologic diseases in North America project: trends in resource utilization for urinary tract infections in children. J Urol. 2005;173:949–954
  2. Svanborg C, Godaly G. Bacterial virulence in urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1997;11:513–529
  3. Shaikh N, Morone NE, Bost JE, et al. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:302–308
  4. Jakobsson B, Jacobson SH, Hjalmas K. Vesico-ureteric reflux and other risk factors for renal damage: identification of high- and low-risk children. Acta Paediatr. 1999;88:31–39
  5. Winberg J, Andersen HJ, Bergstrom T, et al. Epidemiology of symptomatic urinary tract infection in childhood. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1974;63(Suppl 252):1–20
  6. Hoberman A, Chao HP, Keller DM, et al. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile infants. J Pediatr. 1993;123:17–23
  7. Shaw KN, Gorelick M, McGowan KL, et al. Prevalence of urinary tract infection in febrile young children in the emergency department. Pediatrics. 1998;102:e16
  8. Conway PH, Cnaan A, Zaoutis T, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections in children: risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials. JAMA. 2007;298:179–186
  9. Gorelick MH, Shaw KN. Clinical decision rule to identify febrile young girls at risk for urinary tract infection. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:386–390
  10. Hardy JD, Furnell PM, Brumfitt W. Comparison of sterile bag, clean catch and suprapubic aspiration in the diagnosis of urinary infection in early childhood. Br J Urol. 1976;48:279–283
  11. McGillivray D, Mok E, Mulrooney E, et al. A head-to-head comparison: “clean-void” bag versus catheter urinalysis in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in young children. J Pediatr. 2005;147:451–456
  12. Pollack CV, Pollack ES, Andrew ME. Suprapubic bladder aspiration versus urethral catheterization in ill infants: success, efficiency and complication rates. Ann Emerg Med. 1994;23:225–230
  13. Vaillancourt S, McGillivray D, Zhang X, et al. To clean or not to clean: effect on contamination rates in midstream urine collections in toilet-trained children. Pediatrics. 2007;119:e1288–e1293
  14. Whiting P, Westwood M, Watt I, et al. Rapid tests and urine sampling techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr. 2005;5:4
  15. Hoberman A, Wald ER, Reynolds EA, et al. Is urine culture necessary to rule out urinary tract infection in young febrile children?. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:304–309
  16. Keren R, Chan E. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials comparing short- and long-course antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections in children. Pediatrics. 2002;109:e70
  17. Koyle MA, Barqawi A, Wild J, et al. Pediatric urinary tract infections: the role of fluoroquinolones. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:1133–1137
  18. Montini G, Toffolo A, Zucchetta P, et al. Antibiotic treatment for pyelonephritis in children: multicentre randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. BMJ. 2007;335:386
  19. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Quality Improvement. Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection . Practice parameter: the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of the initial urinary tract infection in febrile infants and young children. Pediatrics. 1999;103(4 Pt 1):843–852
  20. Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:195–202
  21. Pennesi M. Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2008;121:1489–1494
  22. Pennesi M, Travan L, Peratoner L, et al. for the North East Italy prophylaxis in VUR study group Is antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux effective in preventing pyelonephritis and renal scars? A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e1489–e1494

PII: S1522-8401(08)00073-6

doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2008.09.009

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 4 , Pages 233-237 , December 2008

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