Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 10-13 , March 2009

Vulvovaginitis in the Prepubertal Child

  • Jill M. Jasper, MD, FAAP

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence: Jill M. Jasper, MD, FAAP Instructor of Pediatrics, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 2300 Children’s Plaza, Box #62, Chicago, IL 60614-3394.

References 

  1. Stricker T, Navratil F, Sennhauser FH. Vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls. Arch Dis Child. 2003;88:324–326
  2. Jaquiery A, Stylianopoulos A, Hogg G, et al. Vulvovaginitis: clinical features, aetiology, and microbiology of the genital tract. Arch Dis Child. 1999;81:64–67
  3. Muller WJ, Schmitt BD. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal vulvovaginitis: diagnosis by rapid antigen testing. Clin Pediatr. 2004;43:179–183
  4. Joishy M, Ashtekar CS, Jain A, et al. Do we need to treat vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls?. BMJ. 2005;330:186–188
  5. Altchek A. Pediatric vulvovaginitis. J Reprod Med. 1984;29:359–375
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  11. Jones R. Childhood vulvovaginitis and vaginal discharge in general practice. Fam Prac. 1996;13:369–372
  12. Vandeven AM, Emans SJ. Vulvovaginitis in the child and adolescent. Pediatr Rev. 1993;14:141–147
  13. Pierce AM, Hart CA. Vulvovaginitis: causes and management. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67:509–512
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  15. Hammerschlag MR, Alpert S, Rosner I, et al. Microbiology of the vagina in children: normal and potentially pathogenic organisms. Pediatrics. 1978;62:57–62
  16. Paradise JE, Campos JM, Friedman HM, et al. Vulvovaginitis in premenarcheal girls: clinical features and diagnostic evaluation. Pediatrics. 1982;70:193–198
  17. Emans SJ, Goldstein DP. The gynecologic examination of the prepubertal child with vulvovaginitis: use of the knee-chest position. Pediatrics. 1980;65:758–760
  18. Hansen MT, Sanchez VT, Eyster K, et al. Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngeal colonization resulting in recurrent, prepubertal vulvovaginitis. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2007;20:315–317
  19. O'Connor PA, Oliver WJ. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal vulvovaginitis: a recurring problem. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1985;1:94–95
  20. Cox RA, Slack MP. Clinical and microbiological features of Haemophilus influenzae vulvovaginitis in young girls. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55:961–964
  21. Cox RA. Haemophilus influenzae: an underrated cause of vulvovaginitis in young girls. J Clin Pathol. 1997;50:765–768
  22. Jasper JM, Ward MA. Shigella vulvovaginitis in a prepubertal child. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006;22:585–586
  23. Thomas AJ. Beneath the surface. Arch Dis Child Ed Pract. 2004;89:ep15–ep22
  24. Shapiro RA, Schubert CJ, Siegel RM. Neisseria gonorrhea infections in girls younger than 12 years of age evaluated for vaginitis. Pediatrics. 1999;104:e72

PII: S1522-8401(09)00006-8

doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2009.01.003

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 10-13 , March 2009

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