Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 3-9 , March 2009

Review of the Prepubertal Gynecologic Examination: Techniques and Anatomic Variation

  • Kristin S. Stukus, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence: Kristin S Stukus, MD, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, 3705 Fifth Avenue. Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
    • ,
  • Noel S. Zuckerbraun, MD, MPH

References 

  1. Muram D, Simmons KJ. Pattern recognition in pediatric and adolescent gynecology—a case for formal education. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2008;21:103–108
  2. Christian CW, Decker JM. Prepubertal genital examination. In:  King C editors. Textbook of pediatric emergency procedures. Philadelphia (Pa): Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins; 2008;p. 863–870
  3. McCann J, Wells R, Simon M, et al. Genital findings in prepubertal girls selected for nonabuse: a descriptive study. Pediatrics. 1990;86:428–439
  4. Boyle C, McCann J, Miyamoto S, et al. Comparison if examination methods used in the evaluation of prepubertal female genitalia: a descriptive study. Child Abuse Negl. 2008;32:229–243
  5. Heger AH, Ticson L, Guerra L, et al. Appearance of the genitalia in girls selected for nonabuse: review of hymenal morphology and nonspecific findings. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2002;15:27–35
  6. Pokorny SF. Configuration of the prepubertal hymen. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157:950–956
  7. Berenson AB. Appearance of the hymen at birth and one year of age: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 1993;91:820–825
  8. Berenson AB. A longitudinal study of hymenal morphology in the first 3 years of life. Pediatrics. 1995;95:490–496
  9. Myhre AK, Berntzen K, Bratlid D. Genital anatomy in non-abused preschool girls. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92:1453–1462
  10. Berenson AB. The prepubertal genital exam: what is normal and abnormal. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1994;6:526–530
  11. Berenson AB, Grady JJ. A longitudinal study of hymenal development from 3 to 9 years of age. J Pediatr. 2002;140:600–607
  12. Berenson AB. Normal anogenital anatomy. Child Abuse Negl. 1998;22:589–596
  13. Goldstein AT, Marinoff SC, Christopher K. Pimecrolimus for the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus in a premenarchal girl. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2004;17:35–37
  14. Hengge UR, Krause W, Hofmann H, et al. Multicentre, phase II trial on the safety and efficacy of topical tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of lichen sclerosus. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:1021–1028
  15. Paller AS, Mancini AJ. In: Hurwitz clinical pediatric dermatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2006;
  16. Berenson AB, Heger AH, et al. Appearance of the hymen in prepubertal girls. Pediatrics. 1992;89:387–394
  17. Sugar NF, Graham EA. Common gynecologic problems in prepubertal girls. Pediatr Rev. 2006;27:213–223
  18. Soyer T. Topical estrogen therapy in labial adhesions in children: therapeutic or prophylactic?. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2007;20:241–244
  19. Muram D. Treatment of prepubertal girls with labial adhesions. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 1999;12:67–70
  20. Mroueh J, Muram D. Common problems in pediatric gynecology: new developments. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1999;11:463–466
  21. de Carvalho VO, Abagge KT, Giraldi S, et al. Behcet disease in a child—emphasis on cutaneous manifestations. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24:E57–E62

PII: S1522-8401(09)00009-3

doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2009.01.006

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 3-9 , March 2009

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