Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 56-59 , March 2009

Problems of the Foreskin and Glans Penis

  • Craig J. Huang, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence: Craig J. Huang, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Medical Center of Dallas, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 1935 Medical District Drive, E2-113, Dallas, TX 75235

References 

  1. Øster J. Further fate of the foreskin. Arch Dis Child. 1968;43:200–204
  2. Gairdner D. The fate of the foreskin, a study of circumcision. Br Med J. 1949;2:1433–1437
  3. Yang SSD, Tsai YC, Wu CC, et al. Highly potent and moderately potent topical steroids are effective in treating phimosis: a prospective randomized study. J Urol. 2005;173:1361–1363
  4. Kayaba H, Tamura H, Kitajama S, et al. Analysis of shape and retractability of the prepuce in 603 Japanese boys. J Urol. 1996;156:1813–1815
  5. Orsola A, Caffaratti J, Garat JM. Conservative treatment of phimosis in children using a topical steroid. Urology. 2000;56:307–310
  6. Lawless MR, Serwint JR. In brief: the foreskin. Pediatr Rev. 2006;27:477–478
  7. McGregor TB, Pike JG, Leonard MP. Pathologic and physiologic phimosis. Can Fam Physician. 2007;53:445–448
  8. Simpson ET, Baraclough P. The management of the paediatric foreskin. Aust Fam Physician. 1998;27:381–383
  9. Lund L, Wai KH, Mui LM, et al. An 18-month follow-up study after randomized treatment of phimosis in boys with topical steroid versus placebo. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2005;39:78–81
  10. Palmer LS, Palmer JS. The efficacy of topical betamethasone for treating phimosis: a comparison of two treatment regimens. Urol. 2008;72:68–71
  11. Van Howe RS. Cost-effective treatment of phimosis. Pediatrics. 1998;102:e43
  12. Ku WH, Chiu BS, Huen KF. Outcome and recurrence in treatment of phimosis using topical betamethasone in children in Hong Kong. J Paediatr Child Health. 2007;43:74–79
  13. Zampieri N, Corropolo M, Zuin V, et al. Phimosis and topical steroids: new clinical findings. Pediatr Surg Int. 2007;23:331–335
  14. Esposito C, Centonze A, Alicchio F, et al. Topical steroid application versus circumcision in pediatric patients with phimosis: a prospective randomized placebo controlled trial. World J Urol. 2008;26:187–190
  15. Herzog LW, Alvarez SR. The frequency of foreskin problems in uncircumcised children. Am J Dis Child. 1986;140:254–256
  16. Hansen RB, Olsen LH, Langkilde NC. Piercing of the glans penis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1998;32:219–220
  17. Jones SA, Flynn RJ. An unusual (and somewhat piercing) cause of paraphimosis. Br J Urol. 1996;78:803–804
  18. Ramdass MJ, Naraynsingh V, Kuruvilla T, et al. Case report: paraphimosis due to erotic dancing. Trop Med Int Health. 2000;5:906–907
  19. Choe J. Paraphimosis: current treatment options. Am Fam Phys. 2000;62:2623–2628
  20. Mackway-Jones K, Teece S. Ice, pins, or sugar to reduce paraphimosis. Emerg Med J. 2004;21:77–78
  21. Little B, White M. Treatment options for paraphimosis. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59:591–593
  22. Trainor JL. Paraphimosis reduction. In:  Goodman DM,  Green TP,  Unti SM,  Powell EC editor. Current procedures: pediatrics. New York (NY): McGraw Hill Medical; 2007;p. 145–147
  23. Kerwat R, Shandall A, Stephenson B. Reduction of paraphimosis with granulated sugar. Br J Urol. 1998;82:755
  24. DeVries CR, Miller AK, Packer MG. Reduction of paraphimosis with hyaluronidase. Urology. 1996;48:464–465
  25. Reynard JM, Barua JM. Reduction of paraphimosis the simple way—the Dundee technique. Br J Urol Int. 1999;83:859–860
  26. Kumar V, Javle P. Modified puncture technique for reduction of paraphymosis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2001;83:126–127
  27. Gargollo PC, Kozakewich HP, Bauer SB, et al. Balanitis xerotics obliterans in boys. J Urol. 2005;174:1409–1412
  28. Clark C, Huntley JS, Munro FD, Wilson-Storey D. Managing the paediatric foreskin. Practitioner 2004;248:888, 891-892, 894.
  29. Statement from the British Association of Paediatric Urologists on behalf of the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons and The Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists. Available at: http://www.apagbi.org.uk/docs/circumcision2007.pdfAccessed 2/8/09
  30. Yardley IE, Cosgrove C, Lambert AW. Paediatric preputial pathology: are we circumcising enough?. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2007;89:62–65
  31. Schwartz RH, Gil RH. Acute balanoposthitis in young boys. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:176–177
  32. Escala JM, Rickwood AMK. Balanitis. Br J Urol. 1989;63:196–197
  33. Van Howe RS. Neonatal circumcision and penile inflammation in young boys. Clin Pediatr. 2007;46:329–333
  34. Fergusson DM, Lawton JM, Shannon FT. Neonatal circumcision and penile problems: an 8-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 1988;81:537–541
  35. Leslie JA, Cain MP. Pediatric urologic emergencies and urgencies. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006;53:513–527

PII: S1522-8401(09)00012-3

doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2009.01.009

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 1 , Pages 56-59 , March 2009