Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 4 , Pages 246-251 , December 2009

Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the Emergency Department

  • Naomi Fogel, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests and correspondence: Naomi Fogel, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza Box #54, Chicago, IL 60614.
    • ,
  • Donald Zimmerman, MD

References 

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  2. Dunger DB, Chase HP, Mackenzie T, et al. ESPE/LWPES consensus statement on diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:188–194
  3. Rewers A, Chase HP, Mackenzie T, et al. Predictors of acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes. JAMA. 2002;287:2511–2518
  4. Keenan HT, Foster CM, Bratton SL. Social factors associated with prolonged hospitalization among diabetic children. Pediatrics. 2002;109:40–44
  5. Koves IH, Neutze J, Donath S, et al. The accuracy of clinical assessment of dehydration during diabetic ketoacidosis in childhood. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:2485–2487
  6. Glaser N, Barnett P, McCaslin I, et al. Risk factors for cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. The Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:264–269
  7. Mahoney CP, Vlcek BW, DelAguila M. Risk factors for developing brain herniation during diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Neurol. 1999;21:721–727
  8. Brown TB. Cerebral oedema in childhood diabetic ketoacidosis: is treatment a factor?. Emerg Med J. 2004;21:141–144
  9. Duck SC, Wyatt DT. Factors associated with brain herniation in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr. 1988;113:10–14
  10. Harris GD, Fiordalisi I, Harris WL, et al. Minimizing the risk of brain herniation during treatment of diabetic ketoacidemia: a retrospective and prospective study. J Pediatr. 1990;117:22–31
  11. Hale PM, Rezvani I, Braunstein AW, et al. Factors predicting cerebral edema in young children with diabetic ketoacidosis and new onset type I diabetes. Acta Paediatr. 1997;86:626–631
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  14. Green SM, Rothrock SG, Ho JD, et al. Failure of adjunctive bicarbonate to improve outcome in severe pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31:41–48
  15. Curtis JR, To T, Muirhead S, et al. Recent trends in hospitalization for diabetic ketoacidosis in Ontario children. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1591–1596
  16. Edge JA, Hawkins MM, Winter DL, et al. The risk and outcome of cerebral oedema developing during diabetic ketoacidosis. Arch Dis Child. 2001;85:16–22
  17. Lawrence SE, Cummings EA, Gaboury I, et al. Population-based study of incidence and risk factors for cerebral edema in pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr. 2005;146:688–692
  18. Hoffman WH, Steinhart CM, el Gammal T, et al. Cranial CT in children and adolescents with diabetic ketoacidosis. Am J Neuroradiol. 1988;9:733–739
  19. Krane EJ, Rockoff MA, Wallman JK, et al. Subclinical brain swelling in children during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:1147–1151
  20. Glaser NS, Wooten-Gorges SL, Marcin JP, et al. Mechanism of cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. J Pediatr. 2004;145:164–171
  21. Marcin JP, Glaser N, Barnett P, et al. Factors associated with adverse outcomes in children with diabetic ketoacidosis-related cerebral edema. J Pediatr. 2002;141:793–797
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  25. Glaser NS, Marcin JP, Wootton-Gorges SL, et al. Correlation of clinical and biochemical findings with diabetic ketoacidosis-related cerebral edema in children using magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging. J Pediatr. 2008;153:541–546
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PII: S1522-8401(09)00087-1

doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2009.10.002

Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Volume 10, Issue 4 , Pages 246-251 , December 2009

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